Then you'll go to the overworld map and choose between taking on another baddie for more loot, recovering health or upgrading cards' abilities at a campfire, or paying a merchant to buy new cards - or to remove bad cards.
With each battle victory, you win gold and the choice of one new card out of three options. Instead, Slay the Spire is essentially an turn-based RPG where you can only level up your attack, defense, and spells by building a better deck of abilities. You'll slowly build up a more powerful deck as you defeat enemies, but it'll become bloated and diluted unless you remove older cards as you go.